Whether it’s the crisp, sharp carbonation of a pilsner or the soft, creamy bubbles of a stout, carbonation is the defining texture of any beer style. The effects of carbonation influence the taste, flavor, aroma, and appearance of beer. Beer without carbonation is considered lifeless. Because yeast produces carbon dioxide and alcohol when they eat […]

As one of the cross-cultural and cross-time beverages, beer has a complex brewing process. One of the key stages is carbonation. It transforms beer from a still liquid to a vibrant, tantalizing palate. Bright tanks allow for more consistent carbonation levels and help improve beer clarity. Additionally, using beer cans helps reduce the amount of […]

In an ever-evolving world, beer types are expanding to meet the needs of different customers. An unlimited world of beers means any pub offers a dizzying selection of drinks. From classic beers to full-bodied IPAs to funky ales, each type of beer spawns more subcategories to dazzle drinkers. How is beer classified? Every beer served […]

Beer is one of the most beloved beverages around the world, with a wide variety of flavors and aromas thanks to a complex fermentation process. Both commercial and home breweries should be concerned about oxygen. Oxygen can destroy the long-term stability of beer flavor and clarity and cause various off-flavors. In this article, we take […]

There are various ways to add hops during the brewing process. Dry hopping is the process of adding hops to beer at some point after fermentation has begun. Adding hops gives the beer a fresh hop aroma without adding any bitterness. It also adds a unique flavor profile. What is dry hopping? Dry hopping is […]

You may hear people mention “esters” and “phenols” when perceiving certain aromas in beer. These terms are often used incorrectly or interchangeably. Phenolic flavors and aromas are often described as clove-like, medicinal, smoky, or “Band-Aid” and are considered off-notes in most beer styles. When beer is described as phenolic, it is usually direct phenolic. Volatile […]

Since the world of beer is so vast, any bar has an incredible variety of alcoholic beverages. The art and science of brewing have evolved over centuries, resulting in a wealth of flavors and styles to suit different consumer preferences. Craft breweries and large breweries are the two major players in the beer industry, each […]

Pasteurization is the process of heating beer to a temperature that kills any living microorganisms. Pasteurization heats beer to a temperature of at least 145°F. At these temperatures, bacteria and microbes die, leaving behind a clean, safe beer. Pasteurization of beer occurs after fermentation at the end of industrial production. A mild heat treatment (60°C) […]

Malt is one of the most important components of beer, and has more influence on the flavor of beer than any other component. When it comes to brewing beer, malt refers to a specific type of malted barley variety. The type of malt chosen for brewing will determine the final colour, flavor, mouthfeel, body and […]

A good fermentation is essential to brewing. Temperature control is an important part of this. Each yeast strain has a temperature range in which it performs best, and keeping the fermentation temperature within the yeast strain’s preferred range will yield the best results. A critical aspect of the fermentation process is maintaining precise temperature control. […]